Social Networking as Participatory Surveillance

Computer Viruses essays

Computer Viruses essays In the past two decades there have been great advances in technology that have reaped immense benefits towards us all. Computers are seen in almost every home and office in todays world. With these powerful machines we have limitless capabilities and with the added power of the Internet, anything that one could ever want is at their fingertips. Information is being transferred between computers at every second in time. However sometimes there are small hidden secrets to these transfers, viruses. Viruses are computer programs that are created to infest and spread to other programs with copies of itself. They are run without the users request and are hidden in the background somewhere. They remain secret and perform their actions; most likely without the user knowing or able to compromise the actions they perform [1]. In a sense you can compare computer viruses to the taunt Anything you can do I can better. Anything that a legitimate program can do, computer viruses can also do, only secretly [3]. Their behavior is just like that of a real virus, they spread and transfer between computers through networks, the Internet, and storage disks. Not all viruses are considered fatal to your system. Some are simply benign and are just annoying. However most are malicious and they can destroy and alter data on your system. Once one is on a host computer it can attach itself to other software programs and remain hidden in them. Here it could begin attacking the system immediately or stay idle until it is later activated. The affects of the viruses are limitless. The actual costs in damage that viruses cause can be in millions, not to mention the effects if someone were to hack into the air traffic controllers and cause plane crashes. There is an unrealized potential for harm with computer viruses [4]. Back in the 60s a man named John Conway carried out the initial work on self-replicating mecha...

Briefly set out a) the main theoretical perspectives underlying the Essay

Briefly set out a) the main theoretical perspectives underlying the remuneration of executive directors in major national or mul - Essay Example However, this silence is less relevant to their leadership qualities, and more a result of their resultant extra ordinarily high salaries. In addition, there has been a very significant difference in the remunerations of CEOs belonging to US companies, as compared to those belonging to companies in the UK. With respect to this observation, this paper studies the remuneration of executive directors, and delves into the issues and theories concerning their outrageous amounts, and the debates that arise from them. The debate on the remuneration that executives receive has been carried out for several years. A recent factor, which has heated this debate even further, is the current recession and its effects (The Economist, 2010). This stems from the fact that over 13 percent of the residents of the US are unemployed, while millions others struggle to hold on to their jobs as their salaries and wages are reduced from what they used to be (Robbins, Judge & Judge, pp. 278, 2008). Apart from this, Lehman Brothers experienced a downfall, and needed two bailout packages from the government to recover and prevent further such happenings. This occurrence has made the common person wary of the way the scarce resources are employed, and that they should be treated as scarce instead of being wasted. However, people who only see half the picture make majority of the complaints and criticisms that the system of high remunerations receives. They see how these directors receive huge salaries for what they do, but they do not consider or even know about the stressful and demanding jobs that these directors do which help them secure such large payments (The Economist, 2010). This is a critical element that is missing from their perspectives, which makes theirs an unfair, unbalanced perspective. These critics do not bother considering the perspective of the CEOs themselves, or the significance and value of their services (The Economist, 2010). This paper aims to prove that, for this reason, their perception is flawed, and that the CEOs do earn the money they receive, using research, and statistics. Theoretical Perspectives It is an observation (Robbins et al., pp. 23-39, 2008) that a huge number of experts have carried out research on the issue of remuneration of executive directors in the United Kingdom, as well as in the United Kingdom, especially during the last decade. Analysis has identified that extraordinary increment in the salaries of executive directors been one of the major reasons of such a huge number of researches carried out on the subject. In order to understand theoretical perspectives of executive directors’ remuneration, the paper will include agency and expectancy theories that will provide a comprehensive understanding. In particular, every company in the United Kingdom follows a standard remuneration package for its executive director that usually includes a basic salary, a yearly bonus along with long-term benefits. In this packag e, salary is the permanent component whereas the other components vary in different organisations. It is an observation that two factors play a critical role in determining variable components in remuneration of executive. Firstly, the calculation that relates variable components as functions of basic salary (Robbins et al., pp. 23-39, 2008). The second factor refers to the achievement of directors in terms of their target, thus, an average performance will lead towards to a lower bonus. Besides understanding